Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin is arguing that the digital identification approach being promoted by Sam Altmans World project has real privacy risks.
Previously known as Worldcoin, World was created under Altman and Alex Blanias Tools for Humanity. The organization says it can help distinguish between AI agents and human beings by scanning users eyeballs and creating a unique identity for them on the blockchain.
In a lengthy post, Buterin noted that Worlds approach of using zero-knowledge proofs to verify human identity while protecting anonymity is also being explored by various digital passport and digital ID projects. And he acknowledged that on the surface, using a ZK-wrapped digital ID could contribute to protecting our social media, voting, and all kinds of internet services against manipulation from sybils and bots, all without compromising on privacy.
However, Buterin suggested that this approach still boils down to a one-per-person ID system, which creates significant risks.
In the real world, pseudonymity generally requires having multiple accounts & so under one-per-person ID, even if ZK-wrapped, we risk coming closer to a world where all of your activity must de-facto be under a single public identity, he wrote. In a world of growing risk (eg. drones), taking away the option for people to protect themselves through pseudonymity has significant downsides.
As a concrete example of the risks, Buterin noted that the U.S. government recently started requiring student and scholar visa applicants to set their social media accounts to public, so that it could screen those accounts for hostility. Similarly, he suggested that even if theres no public link between different accounts created under a single digital ID, a government could force someone to reveal their secret, so that they can see their entire activity.
How, then, can governments, online services, and anyone else hope to verify that someones a real human being without forcing them to compromise their privacy? Buterin is advocating for an approach emphasizing pluralistic identity, in which there is no single dominant issuing authority, whether thats a person, or an institution, or a platform.
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REGISTER NOWPluralistic systems can either be explicit (they ask users to verify their identity based on testimonials from already verified users) or implicit (relying on a variety of different identity systems) in his view, these represent the best realistic solution.
In my view, the ideal outcome of one-per-person identity projects that exist today is if they were to merge with social-graph-based identity, Buterin concluded.
